Using the measured data, calculate the brake torque and the bucket speed. The tangential flow velocities at inlet and outlet are. Like kaplan turbine, the francis is a reaction machine. Kaplantype hydraulic turbine in which the positions of the runner blades and the wicket gates are adjustable for load change with sustained efficiency, it is a purely axial flow turbine with a vertical shaft disposition. Object the purpose of this experiment is to study the constructional details and performance parameters of pelton turbine. Francis turbine hydraulic characteristics hydraulic turbomachine kljucne rijeci cfd fluent francisova turbina hidraulicki turbostrojevi energetske znacajke received primljeno. Francis turbine is a combination of both impulse and reaction turbine, where the blades rotate using both reaction and impulse force of water flowing through them producing electricity more efficiently. It is efficient over a wide range of water head and flow rate. To test the pelton turbine at different loads and spear valve settings and produce curves that show the turbine performance and the effect of different spear valve settings. Experimental investigations of a model francis turbine.
Pelton turbine among different types of impulse turbines, pelton wheel is the only turbine beingused at present. The savonius wind turbine is an aerodynamically drag based, selfstarting turbine with low cut in speed but their inefficiency curtails them to fewer applications, whereas, darrieus wind turbines. It is the most common turbine in the world, due to its ability to work for a wide range of applications. Francis turbine for use with the mfp101 centrifugal pump module. A francis turbine is a type of reaction turbine used most frequently in medium or largescale hydroelectric plants. Another purpose of the lab is to check turbine scaling laws. The pelton turbine consists of three basic components as shown in figure 1. Pdf experimental evaluation of a francis turbine esat. It is located at 306 m msl and operates at a range of water heads of 357.
Kaplan turbine has adjustable runner blades with less number of. They also direct the water at an angle to the blades of the impeller. Introduction to francis turbine the francis turbine is a mixed flow reaction turbine. Water pressure decreases as it passes through the turbine imparting reaction on the turbine blades making the turbine rotate. To determine the coefficient of discharge of the given flow meter. It was designed by american scientist james francis. Introduction a turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by james b. They operate in a water head from 40 to 600 m to 2,000 ft and are used primarily for electrical power production. Application of variable speed operation on francis turbines. Turbines are used in boat propulsion systems, hydroelectric power generators, and jet aircraft engines.
The pressure energy at the inlet and outlet of the turbine is atmospheric. It is an inward flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts. Make sure handling well the equipments during experiment and void silly behavior. What is the difference between a pelton wheel and the francis. The turbine has adjustable guide vanes that control the water flow in the turbine. Development of low head kaplan turbine for power station rehabilitation project s m lim, n ohtake, s kurosawa et al. Set the brake at some level and measure the brake load using. Pelton wheel is an impulse turbine where static pressure head of water is converted into mechanical energy. It is an inwardflow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. It is an inwardflow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts. The inward flow reaction turbine having radial discharge at outlet is known as francis turbine, after the name of j. When a fluid is flowing through a pipe, the fluid experiences some resistance due to which some of the energy of fluid is lost.
With about 60% of the global hydropower capacity in the world, francis turbines are the most widely used type of hydro turbine. The turbine includes 14 stay vanes integrated inside the spiral casing, 28 guide vanes equally arranged before the runner inlet, 15 splitters and 15 blades inside the runner, and an. General information the pelton turbine is a hydraulic impulse turbine, in which one or more water jets hit buckets on a wheel. After the completion of the experiment, a curve is plotted between unit discharge and unit speed for francis turbine. The francis turbine studied in this research has a 2. Mar 02, 2017 francis turbine pdf head turbine hydraulic turbines pdf. Steam turbine experiment rankinecycler an educational, microelectric powergenerating station i. Additionally, these turbines are beneficial as they work equally well when positioned horizontally as they do when they are oriented vertically. Torque t this is the torque measured by the two spring balances. Objective the objective of this laboratory is to offer students handson experience with the operation of a functional steam turbine power plant. Francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by james b. Fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines experiment no.
A comparison of real world operating characteristics. In francis turbine water flow is radial into the turbine and exits the turbine axially. It is most efficient hydro turbine we have till date. Losses in francis turbines npsh main dimensions francis turbines. The francis turbine is a type of reaction turbine that was developed by james b. Heckelsmueller 30 simulated the variablespeed operation of a single highhead francis turbine design head of 322 m, with specific speed equal to n 112. Francis turbine its components, working and application. The wheel is immersed and operates both the water velocity kinetic energy, that a pressure difference. This turbine is used for medium heads with medium discharge.
The discharge increases with the increase in speed. Francis turbine is a reaction type hydraulic turbine, used in dams and reservoirs of medium height to convert hydraulic energy into mechanical and electrical. To determine the coefficient of friction in flow through pipes of various sizes. The water turbine drives an electric generator figure 1.
Francis turbine is a radial inward flow reaction turbine. This has the advantage of centrifugal forces acting against the flow, thus reducing the tendency of the turbine to over speed. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. It operates under v ery high heads upto 1800 m and requires comparatively lesser quantity of water. The pelton turbine used in this experiment is an impulse turbine. Francis turbines are best suited for medium heads, say 40m. In the united states, most hydroelectric power is generated using a type of reaction turbine called a francis turbine because this type of turbine is most economical. Pdf design of an experimental test stand for francis type. Francis turbine is the first hydraulic turbine with radial inflow. The test rig of the francis turbine is shown in fig. From the experiment, is at a speed of 1400 rotary per second, it is the optimum speed that make the gas turbine running at the highest efficiency. The turbine has a sturdy base which sits on the top of the hydraulic bench. The water is then discharged into a downstream river or lake.
Francis turbine is used for the production of electricity in hydro power stations. Water enters the runner and flows towards the center of the wheel in the radial direction and leaves parallel to the axis of the turbine. Francis turbine working principle, main parts, diagram and. In the modern francis turbine, the water enters the runner of the turbine in the radial direction and leaves in the axial. Experimental investigations of a model francis turbine during. The inlet is a scrollshaped tube that wraps around the turbines wicket gate. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
It may be in the form of kinetic, pressure, potential, strain or thermal energy. Water turbines are generally placed into two main categories reaction turbines and impulse turbines. Recent citations a systematic validation of a francis turbine under design and offdesign loads chirag trivedinumerical techniques applied to. Computational fluid dynamic cfd techniques have played. A compact experiment for use with the hydraulic bench to demonstrate how a francis turbine works and to test its performance. The runner consists of multiple buckets mounted on a rotating wheel. Mixed flow turbine is also used in irrigation water pumping sets to pump water from ground for irrigation. They operate in a water head from 40 to 600 m to 2,000 ft and are used. Pelton wheel turbine theory the power output of the turbine is. The pelton wheel or pelton wheel turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine used for high heads of water. Hydraulic energy is that which may be possessed by a fluid.
Water enters the runner and flows towards the center of the wheel in the radial direction and leaves parallel to the. The francis turbine is a laboratoryscale reaction turbine for use with tecquipments digital hydraulic bench h1f, available separately. L argesized francis turbine s are commonly used at hydraulic head range of 20700m. Pdf application of variable speed operation on francis turbines. Ge has successfully completed numerous installations of francis turbines with outputs up to 800 mw, including one of the largest francis turbines ever made each with a runner diameter of 10 meters and. These turbines can be used for heads as low as 2 meters and as high as 300 meters. Experimental and numerical studies of a highhead francis turbine. Discussions francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by james b. Increase area of water exit, increase whirling action, suit for. The pelton wheel turbine is invented by lester allan pelton, an american engineer.
A flow meter is used to measure the flow rate of a fluid in a pipe. The balances measure the turning force on the drum at the back of the turbine see figure 4. Turbine power this is the power absorbed by the turbine wheel, taken from water, 2 60 or. Abstract laboratoryscale francis turbine has been used to generate experimental data for performance evaluation. Jan 23, 2018 francis turbine is the most widely used turbine in hydropower plants to generate electricity. Abstract the aim for turbine design is to increase the efficiency and avoid cavitation and fractures during operation. Introduction hydropower represents an almost ideal energy. The curves between unit discharge and unit speed are rising curves. The francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine which was designed and developed by the american engineer james b. The analysis presented here is based on turbine shaft load resulting in utilization of water power and includes overall efficiency, specific.
This type of turbine is located in the old lowhead installations less than10 m where they are generally in. Francis turbine diagram, working, parts, advantages. Validation of francis water turbine cfd simulations. Experiment no 04 francis turbine turbine pressure measurement. It was discovered in 188 0 by an american engineer lestera. A brief discussion on a the design philosophy during the last 60 years with will be presented. Pdf application of variable speed operation on francis. Hydraulic turbines are widely used to meet realtime electricity demands. Following are the differences between pelton wheel, francis and kaplan turbine. B francis an american engineer who in beginning designed inward radial flow reaction turbine. Design of large francis turbine using optimal methods e flores, l bornard, l tomas et al. Svartisen p 350 mw h 543 m q 371,5 m s d 0 4,86 m d 1 4,31m d 2 2,35 m b 0 0,28 m n 333 rpm. The turbine has an adjustable guide vanes that control the water flow in the turbine. The energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only kinetic energy.
Laboratoryscale francis turbine has been used to generate experimental data for performance evaluation. The pressure energy is then converted into kinetic energy in the runner. Francis turbine is one of the most widely used turbine s. The turbine connects to the pumped supply of the hydraulic bench. What is the difference between a pelton wheel and the. Dec 17, 2019 the pelton wheel or pelton wheel turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine used for high heads of water. Q v t r where q is the volumetric flow rate through the turbine and v t is the tangential flow velocity. Francis turbine experiment free download as word doc. The kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. Experiment no 04 francis turbine free download as word doc. Design, performance and maintenance of francis turbines. The main purpose of this lab is to measure the power output of a francis turbine and to compare this to the theoretical power output. Which was designed and developed by the australian engineer viktor kaplan.
1518 980 290 1195 375 499 333 697 1498 533 1526 1013 383 527 547 397 1256 148 877 633 840 1407 1676 1249 435 1207 501 414 770 393 604 1578 56 819 1148 1098 419 895 1307 283 1417 521 91